Munguva pfupi yapfuura, pepa repakati pegore remhinduro yekuvandudzwa kweHengqin pakati peZhuhai neMacao rakanga richiitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Imwe ye cross-border optical fibers yakakwezva kutarisa. Yakapfuura nemuZhuhai neMacao kuona kubatanidza magetsi ekombuta uye kugovera zviwanikwa kubva kuMacao kuenda kuHengqin, uye kuvaka chiteshi cheruzivo. Shanghai iri kusimudzira zvakare chirongwa chekusimudzira uye chekushandura che "optical into copper back" all-fiber communication network kuti ive nechokwadi chekusimudzira hupfumi hwemhando yepamusoro uye masevhisi ekutaurirana ari nani kune vagari.
Nekukurumidza kukura kweInternet tekinoroji, kudiwa kwevashandisi kweInternet traffic kuri kuwedzera zuva nezuva, maitiro ekuvandudza kugona kwe optical fiber kutaurirana rave dambudziko rekukurumidzira kugadziriswa.
Kubva pakaonekwa tekinoroji yefiber communication, yakaunza shanduko huru mundima dzesainzi uye tekinoroji uye nzanga. Sekushandisa kwakakosha kwelaser tekinoroji, laser ruzivo tekinoroji inomiririrwa neoptical fiber yekutaurirana tekinoroji yakavaka dhizaini yemazuva ano yekutaurirana network uye ikava chikamu chakakosha chekufambiswa kwemashoko. Optical fiber kutaurirana tekinoroji isimba rakakosha rekutakura renyika iripo yeInternet, uye iri imwe yetekinoroji yakakosha yezera reruzivo.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekubuda kweakasiyana siyana ari kusimukira matekinoroji akadai seInternet Yezvinhu, data hombe, chaiyo chaiyo, artificial intelligence (AI), yechishanu-chizvarwa mobile communications (5G) uye mamwe matekinoroji, zvikumbiro zvepamusoro zvinoiswa pakutsinhana kwemashoko uye kutapurirana. Zvinoenderana nedata rekutsvagisa rakaburitswa neCisco muna 2019, yepasirese gore rose IP traffic ichawedzera kubva pa1.5ZB (1ZB = 1021B) muna 2017 kusvika 4.8ZB muna 2022, iine mwero wepagore wekukura we26%. Takatarisana nekukura kwetraffic traffic, optical fiber kutaurirana, sechikamu chemusana wetiweki yekutaurirana, iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kusimudzira. Yepamusoro-kumhanya, yakakura-inogonesa optical fiber yekutaurirana masisitimu uye network ichave iyo huru yekusimudzira kutungamira kweiyo optical fiber yekutaurirana tekinoroji.
Nhoroondo Yekuvandudza uye Mamiriro Ekutsvaga eOptical Fiber Communication Technology
Yekutanga ruby laser yakagadzirwa muna 1960, zvichitevera kuwanikwa kwemashandiro anoita lasers naArthur Showlow naCharles Townes muna 1958. Zvino, muna 1970, yekutanga AlGaAs semiconductor laser inokwanisa kuenderera mberi nekushanda pane tembiricha yakagadziriswa, uye muna 1977, iyo semiconductor laser yakaonekwa kuti inoshanda nguva dzose kwemakumi ezviuru zvemaawa munzvimbo inoshanda.
Parizvino, lasers ane prerequisites yekutengeserana optical fiber kutaurirana. Kubva pakutanga kwekugadzirwa kwelaser, vagadziri vakaziva kukosha kwayo kwekushandisa mumunda wekutaurirana. Nekudaro, pane zvikanganiso zviviri zviri pachena mulaser yekutaurirana tekinoroji: imwe ndeyekuti huwandu hukuru hwesimba hucharasika nekuda kwekusiyana kweiyo laser beam; imwe yacho ndeyekuti inokanganiswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekushandisa, senge mashandisirwo ari mumhepo yemhepo anozonyanya kuenderana nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Naizvozvo, kune laser kutaurirana, yakakodzera optical waveguide yakakosha.
Iyo optical fiber inoshandiswa pakutaurirana yakakurudzirwa naDr. Kao Kung, akahwina Mubairo weNobel mufizikisi, inosangana nezvinodiwa nelaser communication technology yewaveguides. Akataura kuti Rayleigh yekuparadzira kurasikirwa kwegirazi optical fiber inogona kunge yakaderera (isingasviki 20 dB/km), uye kurasikirwa kwesimba mu optical fiber kunonyanya kubva mukutorwa kwechiedza netsvina mumidziyo yegirazi, saka kucheneswa kwezvinhu ndiko kwakakosha. kudzikisa optical fiber kurasikirwa Kiyi, uye zvakare yakaratidza kuti imwe-modhi kutapurirana kwakakosha kuchengetedza kuita kwakanaka kwekutaurirana.
Muna 1970, Corning Glass Company yakagadzira quartz-based multimode optical fiber nekurasikirwa kweanenge 20dB / km maererano nezano raDr. Mushure mekuenderera mberi nekutsvagisa nekusimudzira, kurasikirwa kwequartz-based optical fibers kwakasvika kumuganhu wedzidziso. Kusvika ikozvino, mamiriro e optical fiber communication akagutsikana zvizere.
Early optical fiber kutaurirana masisitimu ese akagamuchira nzira yekugamuchira yekuona zvakananga. Iyi inzira yakapfava yefiber yekutaurirana. PD is square law detector, uye chete kusimba kweiyo optical chiratidzo kunogona kuonekwa. Iyi nzira yekuona yakananga yekugamuchira yakaenderera mberi kubva kuchizvarwa chekutanga che optical fiber kutaurirana tekinoroji muma1970 kusvika kumavambo 1990s.
Kuti tiwedzere kushandiswa kwe spectrum mukati me bandwidth, isu tinofanirwa kutanga kubva kune maviri maficha: imwe ndeye kushandisa tekinoroji kusvika kumuganhu weShannon, asi kuwedzera kwekuita kwe spectrum kwakawedzera zvinodikanwa zveye telecommunication-to-ruzha reshiyo, nekudaro kuderedza transmission distance; imwe yacho ndeyekushandisa zvizere chikamu, Iyo ruzivo rwekutakura simba repolarization state rinoshandiswa kutapurirana, inova yechipiri chizvarwa coherent optical communication system.
Yechipiri-yechizvarwa yakabatana optical communication system inoshandisa optical mixer yekuona intradyne, uye inotora polarization diversity reception, kureva, pakuguma kwekugamuchira, mwenje wechiratidzo uye chiedza chemunharaunda che oscillator zvinosvibiswa kuita matanda maviri echiedza ane polarization nyika dziri orthogonal. kune mumwe nemumwe. Nenzira iyi, polarization-insensitive reception inogona kuwanikwa. Uye zvakare, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti panguva ino, frequency tracking, carrier phase recovery, equalization, synchronization, polarization tracking uye demultiplexing pakupera kwekugamuchira zvese zvinogona kupedzwa nedigital sign processing (DSP) tekinoroji, iyo inorerutsa zvakanyanya hardware. dhizaini yeanogamuchira, uye yakagadziridzwa chiratidzo chekudzoreredza kugona.
Mamwe Matambudziko uye Mafungiro Akatarisana Nekuvandudzwa kweOptical Fiber Communication Technology
Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweakasiyana matekinoroji, madenderedzwa ezvidzidzo uye indasitiri yakasvika painogumira yekutarisa kweiyo optical fiber yekutaurirana system. Kuti uenderere mberi nekuwedzera simba rekufambisa, rinogona kuwanikwa chete nekuwedzera system bandwidth B (linearly kuwedzera simba) kana kuwedzera chiratidzo-ku-ruzha chiyero. Hurukuro chaiyo ndeyotevera.
1. Solution yekuwedzera simba rekutumira
Sezvo mhedzisiro isingaiti inokonzerwa nepamusoro-soro yekufambisa inogona kuderedzwa nekuwedzera zvakanaka nzvimbo inoshanda yefiber cross-section, ndiyo mhinduro yekuwedzera simba rekushandisa mashoma-mode fiber panzvimbo ye single-mode fiber yekutumira. Uye zvakare, iyo yazvino mhinduro yakajairika kune isina mutsara mhedzisiro ndeye kushandisa iyo yedhijitari backpropagation (DBP) algorithm, asi kuvandudzwa kwealgorithm kuita kuchaita kuti kuwedzere kuomarara. Munguva ichangopfuura, tsvakurudzo yekombiyuta yekudzidza muchina mukubhadhara kusina mutsara kwakaratidza tarisiro yakanaka yekushanda, iyo inoderedza zvikuru kuoma kwegorgorithm, saka dhizaini yeDBP system inogona kubatsirwa nemichina yekudzidza mune ramangwana.
2. Wedzera bandwidth ye optical amplifier
Kuwedzera bandwidth kunogona kuputsa kuburikidza nekudzikira kweiyo frequency renji yeEDFA. Kuwedzera kune C-bhendi uye L-bhendi, iyo S-bhendi inogona zvakare kuverengerwa muchikamu chekushandisa, uye iyo SOA kana Raman amplifier inogona kushandiswa kukwidziridza. Nekudaro, iyo iripo optical fiber ine kurasikirwa kukuru mumabhendi efrequency kunze kweS-band, uye zvinodikanwa kugadzira rudzi rutsva rwefiber optical kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana. Asi kune mamwe mabhendi, inotengeswa inowanikwa Optical amplification tekinoroji zvakare inonetsa.
3. Tsvakurudzo pamusoro pekutapurika kwakaderera kurasikirwa optical fiber
Tsvagiridzo pane yakaderera kutapurirana kurasikirwa fiber ndiyo imwe yenyaya dzakanyanya kukosha mundima iyi. Hollow core fiber (HCF) ine mukana wekuderera kwekutapurirana kurasikirwa, izvo zvinozodzikisa kunonoka kwenguva yekutapurirana kwefiber uye zvinogona kubvisa dambudziko risiri mutsara refiber kusvika pamwero mukuru.
4. Tsvakurudzo pamusoro pechadenga division multiplexing ine hukama matekinoroji
Space-division multiplexing tekinoroji mhinduro inoshanda yekuwedzera huwandu hwefiber imwe chete. Kunyanya, multi-core optical fiber inoshandiswa kutapurirana, uye huwandu hwefiber imwe hwakapetwa kaviri. Chinhu chakakosha panyaya iyi ndechekuti kune yakakwira-inoshanda Optical amplifier. , kana zvisina kudaro inogona chete kuenzana neakawanda single-core optical fibers; uchishandisa mode-division multiplexing tekinoroji inosanganisira mutsara polarization modhi, OAM danda rakavakirwa pachikamu chimwe chete uye cylindrical vector danda zvichibva pane polarization singularity, tekinoroji yakadaro inogona kuve Beam multiplexing inopa dhigirii idzva rerusununguko uye inovandudza kugona kwe optical communication system. Iyo ine tarisiro yakafara yekushandiswa mune optical fiber yekutaurirana tekinoroji, asi tsvakiridzo pane inoenderana optical amplifiers idambudziko zvakare. Uye zvakare, maitiro ekuyeresa sisitimu kuoma kunokonzerwa nekusiyana modhi kunonoka kweboka uye akawanda-inopinza akawanda-yakabuda yedhijitari yakaenzana tekinoroji inofanirwawo kutariswa.
Matarisiro eKuvandudzwa kweOptical Fiber Communication Technology
Optical fiber kutaurirana tekinoroji yakagadziridzwa kubva kune yekutanga-yakaderera-kumhanya kufambisa kune yazvino-yepamusoro-kumhanya kufambisa, uye yave imwe yemusana matekinoroji inotsigira nzanga yeruzivo, uye yakagadzira chirango chakakura uye nharaunda yemagariro. Mune ramangwana, sezvo kudiwa kwenharaunda kwekufambiswa kweruzivo kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, optical fiber yekutaurirana masisitimu uye network matekinoroji anozoshanduka akananga kuhukuru hwakakura, hungwaru, uye kubatana. Tichiri kuvandudza mashandiro ekutapurirana, vacharamba vachidzikisa mutengo uye nekubatsira raramo yevanhu uye nekubatsira nyika kuvaka ruzivo. nzanga ine basa rinokosha. CeiTa yakabatana nemasangano akati wandei enjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, anogona kufanotaura nyevero dzekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda dzakadai sekudengenyeka kwenyika, mafashamo, uye tsunami. Inongoda chete kubatana neONU yeCeiTa. Kana njodzi yomusikirwo ikaitika, nzvimbo inodengenyeka ichapa yambiro nokukurumidza. Iyo terminal iri pasi peONU Alerts ichave yakawiriraniswa.
(1) Intelligent Optical network
Kuenzaniswa neiyo wireless communication system, iyo optical communication system uye network yeakangwara optical network ichiri mudanho rekutanga maererano nekugadziriswa kwetiweki, kuchengetedza network uye kutadza kuongororwa, uye dhigirii rehungwaru harina kukwana. Nekuda kwehukuru hukuru hwefiber imwe chete, kuitika kwechero kukundikana kwefiber kuchave nemhedzisiro huru pahupfumi uye nzanga. Naizvozvo, kutariswa kwetiweki paramita kwakakosha zvakanyanya pakuvandudza remangwana rakangwara network. Maitiro ekutsvagisa anofanirwa kutariswa mune ino chikamu mune ramangwana anosanganisira: system parameter yekutarisa sisitimu yakavakirwa pane yakareruka inobatana tekinoroji uye muchina kudzidza, huwandu hwemuviri hwekutarisisa tekinoroji yakavakirwa pakubatana kwechiratidzo chekuongorora uye chikamu-sensitive optical nguva-domain kufungisisa.
(2) Yakabatanidzwa tekinoroji uye system
Chinangwa chikuru chekubatanidza mudziyo ndechekuderedza mitengo. Mu optical fiber kutaurirana tekinoroji, kupfupi-kure-kumhanya kufambisa kwemasaini kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwechiratidzo patsva. Zvisinei, nekuda kwezvinetso zvechikamu uye polarization state recovery, kubatanidzwa kwemaitiro akabatana kuchiri kuoma. Uye zvakare, kana yakakura-yakakura yakasanganiswa optical-electrical-optical system inogona kuitika, iyo system system inozovandudzwa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekuderera kwehunyanzvi hwekuita, kuomarara kwepamusoro, uye kuomerwa mukubatanidzwa, hazvibviri kusimudzira zvakanyanya masaini ese-optical akadai seall-optical 2R (re-amplification, re-shaping), 3R (re-amplification , re-nguva, uye kuumbazve) mumunda we optical communications. kugadzira michina. Naizvozvo, maererano nehunyanzvi hwekubatanidza tekinoroji uye masisitimu, nzira dzekutsvagisa dzeramangwana ndedzinotevera: Kunyangwe tsvakiridzo iripo pamusoro penzvimbo yekukamuranisa masystem yakapfuma, izvo zvakakosha zvechikamu chekuparadzanisa masystem haasati awana budiriro yetekinoroji muacademia neindasitiri, uye kumwe kusimbisa kunodiwa. Tsvagiridzo, yakadai seyakasanganiswa lasers uye modulators, maviri-dimensional akasanganiswa anogashira, yakakwirira-simba-inoshanda integrated optical amplifiers, nezvimwewo; mhando itsva dze optical fibers dzinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya system bandwidth, asi kumwe kutsvagisa kuchiri kudikanwa kuti vaone kuti maitiro avo akazara uye maitiro ekugadzira anogona kusvika kune iripo imwechete Iyo nhanho yemodhi fiber; dzidza midziyo yakasiyana-siyana inogona kushandiswa neiyo itsva fiber mune yekutaurirana link.
(3) Optical kukurukurirana michina
Mune michina yekukurukurirana yemaziso, kutsvagisa uye kusimudzira kwesilicon photonic zvishandiso kwakawana mhedzisiro yekutanga. Nekudaro, parizvino, tsvakiridzo yakabatana yemumba inonyanya kuve yakavakirwa pazvishandiso, uye tsvakiridzo pamidziyo inoshanda haina kusimba. Panyaya yemidziyo yekukurukurirana yemaziso, nzira dzekutsvagisa dzenguva yemberi dzinosanganisira: tsvakiridzo yekubatanidza yemidziyo inoshanda uye silicon optical zvishandiso; tsvakiridzo yekubatanidza tekinoroji yeasiri-silicon optical zvishandiso, senge tsvagiridzo yekubatanidza tekinoroji yeIII-V zvinhu uye substrates; kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwetsvakiridzo yemidziyo mitsva nekuvandudzwa. Tevera kumusoro, seyakasanganiswa lithium niobate optical waveguide ine zvakanakira zvekumhanya zvakanyanya uye kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-03-2023
